
Oleh : Thadeus Edison Putra
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Situasi gentir saat ini tengah dihadapi oleh negara-negara di Eropa. Pada tanggal 24 Februari 2022 yang lalu ketika Rusia mulai menginvasi negara Ukraina hingga sampai pada awal Maret 2022 belum ada tanda-tanda Putin menarik mundur pasukannya meskipun Amerika dan sebagian besar negara di dunia dan negara yang di Eropa sudah mendengungkan beberapa sanksi yang harus diterima Rusia sebagai konsekuensi dari apa yang mereka lakukan.
Rupanya, hal tersebut belum mampu membuat nyali dari Negeri Beruang Putih (Julukan negara Rusia) menciut. Nyatanya, asap yang mengepul dan bunyi ledakan bom serta bunyi peluru yang membabi buta bangunan dan nyawa manusia masih menjadi pengalaman yang menyebalkan bagi warga Ukraina hingga saat ini dan tentu menjadi pemandangan yang memanjakan mata bagi Putin Cs sambil menikmati sebotol whyski dan red label. “Wah, perang ini benar-benar memabukan. Untuk kemenangan hari pertama ini, mari kita bersulang”, ujar salah satu prajurit sambil mengangkat gelasnya yang diikuti oleh beberapa temannya.
Sementara itu, jauh ditengah kegelapan malam seorang ibu dan kedua anaknya harus berkutat dengan situasi yang miris. Jika sebelumnya mereka mampu menghirup udara bebas kini mereka sulit menghirup udara yang baik karena mereka saat ini bersembunyi di ruang bawah tanah. sambil memikirkan ayah mereka yang telah ikut berperang melawan Rusia yang kini mengusik kebebasan dan kenyamanan di atas tanah mereka, di rumah mereka sendiri.
Ilustrasi awal ini sedikitnya menggambarkan situasi yang tegang yang terjadi di Eropa khususnya di Ukraina dan Rusia. Lantas kita bertanya-tanya mengapa Eropa menjadi kacau seperti ini. Bukankah Eropa menjadi benua maju yang menjadi benua panutan bagi benua lain baik dalam sumber daya manusia dan kekayaan alam yang ada. Rata-rata penduduknya memiliki kemampuan intelektual yang baik. Seperti banyak orang mengatakan negara maju ditandai dengan tingkat kemampuan sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni.
Kompas.Com (9/7/2021) memberitakan bahwa benua Eropa terdiri dari 45 hingga 50 negara. Mayoritas negara tersebut masuk dalam negara maju. Benua ini memiliki banyak negara yang sudah dikenal penduduk internasional. Negara tersebut antara lain Inggris, Jerman, Italia, Rusia, Spanyol, Prancis, Belanda, Swiss, Swedia, dan lainnya. Jika melihat dari perekonomiannya, banyak negara di Eropa yang berfokus pada bidang industri.
Contohnya Birmingham di Inggris, yang menjadi salah satu pusat industri berat, seperti mobil dan pesawat terbang, Rusia yang memiliki kekayaan minyak bumi dan nikel, Belanda sebagai eksportir kedua terbesar di dunia untuk produk-produk pertanian, sebagai negara penghasil bunga, keju, tomat, sayuran dan bir atau Spanyol sebagai penghasil minyak zaitun terbaik di dunia dan masih banyak lagi kekuatan ekonomi yang berasal dari benua yang dijuluki benua biru ini. Namun bak jauh panggang dari api, peradaban yang maju ini tak selamanya memberikan rasa nyaman. Lantas apa yang terjadi dengan Eropa saat ini?
Sanksi Vs Ancaman Balik
Dihimpun dari Kompas. Com (5/3/2022) sejumlah negara baik yang ada di Eropa atau dari negara lain di luar benua Eropa telah menjatuhkan sanski untuk Rusia. Sanksi-sanksi tersebut seperti larangan investasi hingga pembekuan aset terhadap para pemimpin Rusia dan oligarki, serta penolakan akses ke bandara dan wilayah udara. Akses Rusia ke sistem pembayaran internasional SWIFT juga telah dikurangi. Selain sanksi tersebut UEFA dan FIFA juga menjatuhkan hukuman untuk klub sepakbola di negara Rusia yakni dilarang tampil pada perhelatan Liga Eropa dan Liga Champion.
Sementara itu, UEFA, badan sepakbola Eropa sudah mengganti Rusia sebagai tuan rumah final Liga Champions musim ini. UEFA memindah venue pertandingan final dari Saint-Petersburg ke Paris, Prancis. Selain itu FIFA juga melarang Rusia untuk tidak tampil pada ajang internasional, termasuk Piala Dunia 2022. Sebelumnya, beberapa negara sudah mengambil sikap untuk tidak mau melawan Rusia. Polandia, Swedia, dan Inggris menyatakan tidak mau melawan Rusia. Rusia sendiri kini sedang bersaing di playoff Piala Dunia 2022. Rencananya mereka akan bertanding pada 24 dan 29 Maret mendatang, yang mana Swedia dan Polandia sudah mengambil sikap tidak akan mau bertanding jika harus melawan Rusia.

Melihat kenyataan ini, apakah Rusia hanya berdiam diri saja terhadap pelarangan dan penolakan ini? Mampukah mereka keluar dari situasi ini? Namun, bukan namanya Rusia kalau hanya berdiam diri saja. Bak beruang yang berani, kuat, dan ulet begitu juga dengan apa yang tergambar dalam kepribadian orang Rusia umumnya.
Dalam Kompas.id (4/3/2022) menerangkan bahwa RFU / Asosiasi Sepak Bola Rusia menilai FIFA telah mencederai prinsip mereka sendiri, “fair play”, dengan mencoret Rusia dari Piala Dunia Qatar 2022. Atas dasar hal itu, Rusia menyiapkan perlawanan, yaitu banding ke Mahkamah Arbitrase (CAS). Bukan hanya FIFA, RFU dalam pernyataan resminya, Jumat (4/3/2022) dini hari WIB juga menyiapkan langkah hukum untuk Federasi Sepak Bola Eropa (UEFA) yang sebelumnya juga memberikan sanksi tidak keras atas Rusia. Menyambung hal tersebut, Vladimir Putin secara tegas menanggapi tindakan yang dilakukan oleh FIFA dan UEFA.
Putin secara tegas mengatakan “Jangan berani-berani mencampuri urusan militer dengan sepakbola, sepakbola tetaplah sepakbola ( Jangan di sangkut pautkan dengan politik). Rusia akan tetap bermain di Piala Dunia FIFA 2022 Qatar, jika berani menghalangi kami, maka tidak akan ada Piala Dunia untuk di bicarakan”. (Herald.Sulsel.id)
Berimbas pada Gas
Budiawan Sidik dalam Kompas.id (4/3/2022) menuliskan bahwa negara-negara di Eropa memiliki ketergantungan yang sangat besar terhadap suplai energi dari Rusia. Sehingga tidak mengherankan jika dalam waktu dekat energi seperti produksi minyak alam dan gas bumi memiliki posisi tawar yang tinggi dihadapan para pemberi sanski dan penentang invasinya khususnya negara-negara yang ada di Eropa. Memang, energy ini bisa menjadi geopolitik bagi Rusia untuk melawan penetrasi sejumlah negara-negara blok sekutu.
Berdasarkan data dari Bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021, Rusia pada tahun 2020 memiliki cadangan energi fosil yang masih sangat berlimpah. Cadangan minyak bumi Rusia masih sekitar 107 miliar barel dan apabila tidak ada penambahan sumur-sumur baru, maka cadangan tersebut masih bisa dimanfaatkan hingga sekitar 27 tahun ke depan. Untuk gas alam, jumlahnya lebih berlimpah lagi hingga mencapai 1.300-an trilion cubic feet (TCF) sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan hingga hampir 60 tahun lagi. Untuk batubara, sumber daya cadangannya sangat berlimpah ruah hingga mencapai 162.000 juta ton sehingga apabila ditambang akan habis dalam tempo lebih dari 4 abad.
Keunggulan absolut sumber daya energi tersebut tak sebanding bila digabungkan dengan seluruh negara Uni Eropa. Cadangan energi di Rusia mencapai kisaran 2-3 kalinya cadangan seluruh negara-negara Eropa. Berlimpahnya cadangan sumber daya itu membuat produksi energi di Rusia sangatlah besar. Salah satu wilayah tujuan utama ekspor energi Rusia adalah kawasan Eropa. Wilayah ini memiliki tingkat konsumsi energi berbasis fosil yang tinggi yang didatangkan dari Rusia. Berdasarkan data dari International Energy Agency (IEA) pada kurun 1990-2020, konsumsi energi final di seluruh kawasan Eropa sebagian besar berupa gas alam hingga sebesar 33 persen. Selanjutnya, disusul konsumsi energi dalam bentuk listrik dan panas sekitar 32 persen dan produk-produk dari minyak bumi 19-an persen
CNBC Indonesia (5/3/2022) memberitakan bahwa harga gas Eropa meroket menjadi 114% dan Eropa terancam gelap gulita. Diberitakan bahwa harga gas Eropa meroket sepanjang 2022 seiring dengan sanksi internasional untuk Rusia.Kemarin, harga gas Eropa acuan Belanda tercatat Euro 148,5/megawatt hour, turun 9,1% dibandingkan posisi kemarin.
Akan tetapi, sepanjang tahun 2022 harga gas Eropa telah meroket 114,49%. Dengan situasi yang ada maka kemungkinan besar sejumlah negara Eropa akan terancam terdampak kelangkaan energi, khususnya dari gas alam, di antaranya Belgia, Perancis, Jerman, Italia, Belanda, Spanyol, dan Inggris. Sejumlah negara ini mendapat pasokan gas alam langsung dari Rusia melalui pipa gas. Apalagi hal ini diperparah lagi setelah Pasukan Rusia, Jumat (4/3/2022), menembaki pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir Zaporizhzhia di Ukraina.
Pembangkit ini merupakan pembangkit terbesar Eropa. Oleh sebab itu, untuk menghadapi Rusia yang kaya akan sumber energi, maka negara Eropa yang lain perlu mencari strategi jitu untuk menutup celah ketidakseimbangan ini. Perlu dilakukan diplomasi kerjasama pasokan energi dengan sejumlah negara produsen energi fosil di luar Rusia merupakan kunci penting untuk menjaga stamina kebijakan politik luar negeri Eropa untuk kukuh menerapkan sanksi ekonomi bagi Rusia.
Hal ini perlu diupayakan sebagaimana membangun kerja sama dengan mengupayakan pemasokan energy dari Amerika atau Qatar sambil memikirkan upaya lain dengan pembuatan energi yang terbarukan. Selalu optimis dalam menghadapi situasi yang ada. Mengutip apa yang disampaikan oleh penulis dan aktivis Amerika, Helen Keller : “Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence” yang diartikan sebagai optimisme adalah keyakinan yang mengarah pada prestasi. Tidak ada yang bisa dilakukan tanpa harapan dan kepercayaan diri * Make Love, Not War. Semoga.
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